The development of nuclear technology is the key to winning an innovative leadership position and maintaining the defence capability of the country. At the same time, the goal of the cluster is not only to enhance the competitiveness of nuclear power markets, but also the creation of new breakthrough technologies and products.

Innovative development of nuclear technologies is an essential condition for consolidating (and in some areas, achieving) a position of global technological leadership and maintaining Russia's defence capability.

During the 20th century, basic research in nuclear physics, plasma physics, and energy conversion became the basis of at least two major applied nuclear projects that have had significant influence on the development of mankind: military (the atomic bomb) and energy (the nuclear reactor).

During the Soviet atomic project an entire class of unique technological operations was created. The methods of nuclear physics, thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, and chemical technologies evolved together and have formed a single “package” of technologies, which we provisionally name the "technology of nuclear science." This group of technologies forms the basis for the development of nuclear energetics.

The most important result of the development of the nuclear industry has become radiation control and magnetic fields (radiation technology). Based on this group of technologies, a wide range of equipment has been designed and manufactured, including accelerators, neutron generators, lasers, high-frequency systems, detectors of particles and radiation, microscopes and telescopes, and microwave microelectronics.

Today these technologies and equipment are used in many other non-energy and non-military markets, and the list of these markets is constantly growing. Among the fastest-growing markets are those for nuclear medicine, sterilisation and disinfection, safety and non-destructive testing, ecology and water treatment, and mining and processing of mineral resources.